오직 한 번만 실행되는 프로그램 - 이미 실행중인 프로그램에 데이터 전달하기

[오직 한 번만 실행되는 프로그램]
뮤텍스를 사용하는 원리

프로그램의 메인 폼을 실행시키기 전에 이미 실행되고 있는 프로그램의 인스턴스가 존재하는지를 확인해야 함.
Program Class의 Main 함수에서 확인.
[STAThread] static void Main() { // 이미 프로그램 인스턴스가 존재하는 경우 프로그램 종료 if (IsExistAnotherInstance()) return; // 프로그램 종료 Application.EnableVisualStyles(); Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); Application.Run(new Form1()); } private static bool IsExistAnotherInstance() { bool createdNew; Mutex mutex = new Mutex(true, Application.ProductName, out createdNew); if (createdNew) { // 이번 실행이 처음 실행이다. return false; } // 이미 실행되고 있는 인스턴스를 활성화시킨다. Process[] viewProcesses = Process.GetProcessesByName(Application.ProductName); if (null != viewProcesses && 2 == viewProcesses.Length) { Process view = (viewProcesses[0].Id == Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id) ? viewProcesses[1] : viewProcesses[0]; IntPtr hWndOfPrevInstance = view.MainWindowHandle; if (Win32.IsIconic(hWndOfPrevInstance)) Win32.ShowWindowAsync(hWndOfPrevInstance, Win32.SW_RESTORE); Win32.SetForegroundWindow(hWndOfPrevInstance); return true; } return false; }
위 코드에서 사용하고 있는 Win32 클래스의 내용(일부 발췌)
public class Win32 { /// <summary> /// The SetForegroundWindow function puts the thread that created the specified window /// into the foreground and activates the window. Keyboard input is directed to the window, /// and various visual cues are changed for the user. The system assigns a slightly higher /// priority to the thread that created the foreground window than it does to other threads. /// </summary> [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd); /// <summary> /// The ShowWindowAsync function sets the show state of a window created by a different thread. /// </summary> [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(IntPtr hWnd, int nCmdShow); /// <summary> /// The IsIconic function determines whether the specified window is minimized (iconic). /// </summary> [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern bool IsIconic(IntPtr hWnd); // Activates and displays the window. If the window is minimized or maximized, the system // restores it to its original size and position. An application should specify this flag // when restoring a minimized window. public static int SW_RESTORE = 9; }
[이미 실행중인 프로그램에 데이터 전달하기]
WM_COPYDATA 메시지를 사용하는 원리
프로그램은 ClickOnce 로 배포되고 있고, 웹페이지에서 파라미터를 사용하여 프로그램을 실행시키는 경우라고 가정함.
프로그램 실행시 전달된 파라미터 수집 : GetQueryStringParameters() [STAThread] static void Main() { // 프로그램 실행시 전달된 파라미터 수집 Dictionary<string, string> dicParams = GetQueryStringParameters(); // 이미 존재하는 인스턴스가 있을 수 있으므로 프로그램 실행시 전달받은 파라미터 딕셔너리를 전달함 if (IsExistAnotherInstance(ref dicParams)) return; Application.EnableVisualStyles(); Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); Application.Run(new Form1()); } private static Dictionary<string, string> GetQueryStringParameters() { Dictionary<string, string> nameValueTable = new Dictionary<string, string>(); try { if (ApplicationDeployment.IsNetworkDeployed) { string url = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ActivationArguments.ActivationData[0]; string queryString = ApplicationDeployment.CurrentDeployment.ActivationUri.Query; if (string.Empty == queryString) return (nameValueTable); int nIndex = queryString.IndexOf("?"); if (nIndex > -1) queryString = queryString.Remove(nIndex, 1); queryString = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(queryString); string[] nameValuePairs = queryString.Split('&'); if (nameValuePairs != null && nameValuePairs.Length > 0) { foreach (string pair in nameValuePairs) { string[] vars = pair.Split('='); if (!nameValueTable.ContainsKey(vars[0])) { nameValueTable.Add(vars[0], vars[1]); } } } } } catch (Exception) { } return (nameValueTable); } 프로그램의 인스턴스가 이미 존재하는지 확인하고 이미 존재하면 해당 인스턴스에게 프로그램 실행시 전달받은 파라미터 문자열을 전달함. private static bool IsExistAnotherInstance(ref Dictionary<string, string> dicParams) { bool createdNew; Mutex mutex = new Mutex(true, Application.ProductName, out createdNew); if (createdNew) { // 이번 실행이 처음 실행이다. return false; } Process[] viewProcesses = Process.GetProcessesByName(Application.ProductName); if (null != viewProcesses && 2 == viewProcesses.Length) { Process view = (viewProcesses[0].Id == Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id) ? viewProcesses[1] : viewProcesses[0]; IntPtr hWndOfPrevInstance = view.MainWindowHandle; if (Win32.IsIconic(hWndOfPrevInstance)) Win32.ShowWindowAsync(hWndOfPrevInstance, Win32.SW_RESTORE); Win32.SetForegroundWindow(hWndOfPrevInstance); // 이미 실행중인 인스턴스에 이 인스턴스가 전달받은 파라미터 문자열을 전달함 SendParams(hWndOfPrevInstance, ref dicParams); return true; } return false; } private static void SendParams(IntPtr hWndTarget, ref Dictionary<string, string> dicParams) { // 파라미터 딕셔너리를 파라미터 문자열로 만든다. StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); foreach (string key in dicParams.Keys) { if (sb.Length > 0) sb.Append("&"); sb.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", key, dicParams[key]); } if (sb.Length > 0) SendArgs(hWndTarget, sb.ToString()); } private static void SendArgs(IntPtr hWndTarget, string text) { Win32.CopyDataStruct cds = new Win32.CopyDataStruct(); try { cds.cbData = (text.Length + 1) * 2; cds.lpData = Win32.LocalAlloc(0x40, cds.cbData); Marshal.Copy(text.ToCharArray(), 0, cds.lpData, text.Length); cds.dwData = (IntPtr)1; Win32.SendMessage(hWndTarget, Win32.WM_COPYDATA, IntPtr.Zero, ref cds); } finally { cds.Dispose(); } } 위 코드에서 사용된 Win32 클래스의 내용(전체) public class Win32 { /// <summary> /// The SetForegroundWindow function puts the thread that created the specified window /// into the foreground and activates the window. Keyboard input is directed to the window, /// and various visual cues are changed for the user. The system assigns a slightly higher /// priority to the thread that created the foreground window than it does to other threads. /// </summary> [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd); /// <summary> /// The ShowWindowAsync function sets the show state of a window created by a different thread. /// </summary> [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern bool ShowWindowAsync(IntPtr hWnd, int nCmdShow); /// <summary> /// The IsIconic function determines whether the specified window is minimized (iconic). /// </summary> [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern bool IsIconic(IntPtr hWnd); // Activates and displays the window. If the window is minimized or maximized, the system // restores it to its original size and position. An application should specify this flag // when restoring a minimized window. public static int SW_RESTORE = 9; /// <summary> /// The SendMessage API /// </summary> /// <param name="hWnd">handle to the required window</param> /// <param name="Msg">the system/Custom message to send</param> /// <param name="wParam">first message parameter</param> /// <param name="lParam">second message parameter</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, int Msg, IntPtr wParam, ref CopyDataStruct lParam); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] public static extern IntPtr LocalAlloc(int flag, int size); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] public static extern IntPtr LocalFree(IntPtr p); public const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A; public struct CopyDataStruct : IDisposable { public IntPtr dwData; public int cbData; public IntPtr lpData; public void Dispose() { if (this.lpData != IntPtr.Zero) { LocalFree(this.lpData); this.lpData = IntPtr.Zero; } } } }
프로그램의 메인폼에서는 WM_COPYDATA 메시지를 처리함.
public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } protected override void WndProc(ref Message m) { switch (m.Msg) { case Win32.WM_COPYDATA: Win32.CopyDataStruct st = (Win32.CopyDataStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(m.LParam, typeof(Win32.CopyDataStruct)); string strData = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(st.lpData); textBox1.Text = strData; break; default: // let the base class deal with it base.WndProc(ref m); break; } } }
[샘플 프로젝트]

OneInstanceAndParameterExecute.zip